veneer theory People are moral out of fear of sanction/punishment. “Really” are deep-down self-interested (egoistic) creatures. evolution by natural selection “selects” for selfishness we are products of national selection therefore, we must be egoists (i.e., selfish) subscript gambit subscript gambit is the notion to use multiple different terms/subscripts to define a possibly contested term in order to remove the contention. altruism altruism1: A behaves towards B in a way that decreases its own reproductive success and increases the reproductive success of B altruism2: A acts towards B in a way that detracts from the fulfillment of its own current desired to promote the perceived desires of B altruism3: A acts towards B in ways motivated to promote B’s interests egoism egoism1: person puts their own needs first doest’ consider others in a way that’s unacceptable egoism2 every action is explained by the fact that we are motivated by ultimately self-interested desires every action is the result of an agent acting on their own strongest desire question: are there good reasons that we should be egoists? agency agency1: “rational agency” the agency to believe world view agency2: “animal/affective agency”, wehre intentions and ochices are mechancial product of th estrongest desire in the moment agency3: “functionally describable movement”